What is truffle?
Today we are going to talk about a very special product: the truffle. What is the truffle? How many types are there on the market? Why is its price so high? How is it harvested? Let's find out together.
The truffle is a hypogeous mushroom, meaning it grows underground in symbiosis with the roots of some plants, such as oaks and hazelnuts.
Considered a true diamond of gastronomy, the truffle belongs to the Tuber genus and is distinguished by its unmistakable aroma. This precious ingredient is sought after throughout the world for its culinary and economic value. Its collection is linked to traditional methods, with the help of trained dogs, and follows precise regulations to preserve its sustainability.
Types of truffle
There are different varieties of truffle, but the most prized are:
White truffle (Tuber magnatum) : the most expensive and rare, characterised by an intense and complex aroma, with notes of garlic and mature cheese;
Black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) : widespread in France and Italy, it has a more delicate aroma than the white one, with hints of undergrowth and cocoa;
Summer truffle (Tuber aestivum) : cheaper, with a less strong flavour but still appreciated in cooking;
Hooked truffle (Tuber uncinatum) : similar to the summer truffle, but with a more decisive aroma;
White truffle (Tuber borchii) : smaller and less valuable than the white one, but still rich in flavour.
Characteristics and flavour
Truffles owe their uniqueness to a complex aromatic profile, which varies according to the type and the soil in which they grow. Their aroma is strong, persistent and capable of transforming any dish, from risotto to eggs. In the kitchen, white truffles are mainly consumed raw, while the prized black truffle also lends itself to light cooking that enhances its organoleptic characteristics. Seasonality is a key factor: white truffles are harvested in autumn and winter, while black truffles have a longer harvest period.
Why are truffles so expensive?
The price of truffles depends on several factors:
Rarity: It grows only in specific environmental conditions and cannot be cultivated on a large scale;
Difficulty of collection: the help of trained dogs is required and the search is done manually;
High demand: Michelin-starred restaurants and chefs consider it an essential ingredient;
Perishability: conservation is complex, and the product must be consumed fresh to maintain its aroma.
Prices can vary enormously: white truffles can reach thousands of euros per kilo, while the prized black truffle is more accessible.
Truffle hunting and extraction: UNESCO heritage
Truffle hunting is a traditional practice that requires experience and respect for environmental regulations. Truffle dogs, trained from puppyhood, are essential to locate these underground treasures. The search takes place in wooded areas, often at dawn, to preserve the quality of the product. In many countries, harvesting is regulated to protect the ecosystem and ensure sustainable growth of truffles.
Since 2021, truffle hunting in Italy has been recognized as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO, a recognition that enhances tradition, research techniques and the link with the territory. This activity, in addition to being a profession, is a true passion that is passed down from generation to generation, contributing to the protection of a cultural heritage unique in the world.
For our selection of artisanal truffle-based products click HERE
If you want to participate in the truffle hunt and experience strong emotions click HERE
